Fig. 11

Panel (a) shows successive iterates of θ in system (22)–(23) with functions $P_{1,2}$ taken from the FHN model, whilst panel (b) presents the same iterates but for functions $P_{1,2}$ from the ML model. Panel (c) shows $P_{1,2}$ for the FHN model, where the bold blue line is $P_1$ and the red dashed line is $P_2$. Superimposed on this panel is a histogram displaying how kicks are distributed in terms of θ alone. Panel (d) shows the same information, except this time for forcing functions from the ML model. Parameter values are $\sigma =3.0$, $\lambda =0.1$, $\epsilon =0.1$, and $T=2.0$