Fig. 5

Bifurcation diagrams for Gaussian (top) and sigmoid (bottom) activation function. The background input B and the coupling parameter \(w_{EI}\) are varied. Other parameters as in Sect. 2. Bifurcation curves are indicated with color: saddle-node (blue), Hopf (red), limit point of cycles (black), homoclinic to saddle (green). The red dashed line indicates a neutral saddle, which is not a bifurcation but here an LPC emerges from a homoclinic bifurcation. Note that our diagram for the sigmoid differs from [22] as we have modified the activation functions