Fig. 16

Simulations of the Toporikova model with two-time-scale reductions. Projections of solutions for the (4F, 1SS) system (top: A, B) and the (2F, 3SS) system (bottom: C, D) onto \((ca_{i}, c_{\mathrm{tot}}, l)\)-space (left column) and \((v, h, ca_{i})\)-space (right column). The surfaces represent different projections of \(\mathscr {M}_{s}\), as shown in Fig. 14. The red curve denotes \(\mathscr {M}_{ss}\) and blue and yellow triangles in (A), (B) mark two folds of \(\mathscr {M}_{ss}\). Note that \(\mathscr {M}_{s}\) is not relevant for the trajectory in (A), (B), nor is \(\mathscr {M}_{ss}\) for the trajectory in (C), (D)