Fig. 4

Bifurcation diagram according to p (left) and associated LFP and \(y_{0}\) time series (right). Blue curves: stable singular points. Cyan (resp. green) curves: singular points with one (resp. two) eigenvalues with positive real parts. Black curves: \(y_{0}\) extrema along stable limit cycles. Black points (\(\mathrm{SN}_{1}\) and \(\mathrm{SN}_{2}\)): saddle-node bifurcations. Red point (\(\mathrm{H}_{1}\)): supercritical Hopf bifurcation. Dashed orange line: Saddle-Node on Invariant Circle (SNIC) bifurcation. Horizontal gray bar: confidence interval of the Gaussian variable \(p(t)\) used to generate the time series i.e. \([\bar{p}-\sigma, \bar{p}+\sigma]\) where p̄ and σ are the mean and the variance of the associated normal distribution, respectively